If he was cautious, how could he also be courageous? one might ask. Indeed, the life and work of the remarkable Georgian theater director, teacher, and theorist Mikheil Tumanishvili reflect a striking blend of contrasts and contradictions.

The artistic and cultural life of Tiflis¹— the capital of independent Georgia between 1918 and 1921 — represents a distinctive chapter in the history of modern Georgian art. During this period, Georgian artists actively embraced emerging Western trends, successfully transplanting them into the local cultural context. As a result, a rapid evolution took place—moving from academic art, which arrived in Georgia relatively late, to modernist forms of expression.

The cult of the Cross of Golgotha, the instrument of Christ’s Passion, dates back to the time of Constantine the Great (272–337), leading to the creation of various practices, including the veneration of fragments of the Golgotha Cross and the production of their reliquaries.